Complete Physics Formula Sheet

Essential formulas for JEE & NEET preparation - All in one place

All Formulas
JEE Focus
NEET Focus

Table of Contents

Kinematics Newton's Laws & Dynamics Work, Energy & Power Rotational Motion Gravitation Oscillations & Waves Electrostatics Current Electricity Magnetism & EMI Modern Physics Thermodynamics Optics Fluid Mechanics Semiconductors

How to Use This Formula Sheet

This comprehensive formula sheet contains all essential Physics formulas needed for both JEE and NEET preparation.

Exam Tags: JEE - Important for JEE, NEET - Important for NEET, BOTH - Important for both exams

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Kinematics

Displacement
s = ut + ½ at²
For constant acceleration
BOTH
Final Velocity
v = u + at
First equation of motion
BOTH
Velocity-Displacement
v² = u² + 2as
Third equation of motion
BOTH
Relative Velocity
v_AB = v_A - v_B
Velocity of A relative to B
JEE
Projectile Motion
T = 2u sinθ / g
Time of flight
BOTH
Range of Projectile
R = u² sin(2θ) / g
Maximum horizontal distance
BOTH

Newton's Laws & Dynamics

Newton's Second Law
F = ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
BOTH
Friction Force
F_friction = μN
μ is coefficient of friction
BOTH
Centripetal Force
F_c = mv²/r
For circular motion
BOTH
Impulse
J = FΔt = Δp
Change in momentum
BOTH
Conservation of Momentum
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
For isolated system
BOTH

Work, Energy & Power

Work Done
W = F · s · cosθ
θ is angle between F and s
BOTH
Kinetic Energy
KE = ½ mv²
Energy due to motion
BOTH
Potential Energy
PE = mgh
Gravitational potential energy
BOTH
Work-Energy Theorem
W = ΔKE
Net work equals change in KE
BOTH
Power
P = W/t = Fv
Rate of doing work
BOTH
Spring Potential Energy
PE = ½ kx²
k is spring constant
BOTH

Rotational Motion

Torque
τ = r × F = Iα
Rotational analog of force
JEE
Moment of Inertia (Disc)
I = ½ MR²
About central axis
JEE
Moment of Inertia (Rod)
I = ML²/12
About center
JEE
Angular Momentum
L = Iω
Rotational analog of momentum
JEE
Rotational Kinetic Energy
KE_rot = ½ Iω²
Energy due to rotation
JEE

Gravitation

Newton's Law of Gravitation
F = G(m₁m₂)/r²
G is gravitational constant
BOTH
Gravitational Field
g = GM/R²
At planet's surface
BOTH
Gravitational Potential Energy
U = -GmM/r
For two point masses
BOTH
Escape Velocity
v_e = √(2GM/R)
Minimum speed to escape gravity
BOTH
Orbital Velocity
v_o = √(GM/r)
For circular orbit
BOTH

Oscillations & Waves

Spring Period
T = 2π√(m/k)
Simple harmonic motion
BOTH
Pendulum Period
T = 2π√(l/g)
For small oscillations
BOTH
Wave Speed
v = fλ
Universal wave equation
BOTH
Doppler Effect
f' = f(v ± v_o)/(v ∓ v_s)
For sound waves
BOTH
Intensity of Wave
I = P/A
Power per unit area
NEET

Electrostatics

Coulomb's Law
F = k q₁q₂/r²
k = 1/(4πε₀)
BOTH
Electric Field
E = F/q
Force per unit charge
BOTH
Electric Potential
V = kQ/r
Due to point charge
BOTH
Capacitance
C = Q/V
Charge per unit voltage
BOTH
Capacitor Energy
U = ½ CV²
Stored in capacitor
BOTH
Gauss's Law
∮E·dA = Q/ε₀
Electric flux
JEE

Current Electricity

Ohm's Law
V = IR
Voltage-current relationship
BOTH
Resistance
R = ρl/A
ρ is resistivity
BOTH
Electrical Power
P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Different forms
BOTH
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
ΣV = 0
Around any closed loop
BOTH
Kirchhoff's Current Law
ΣI_in = ΣI_out
At any junction
BOTH
Wheatstone Bridge
P/Q = R/S
Balanced condition
BOTH

Magnetism & EMI

Magnetic Force
F = qvB sinθ
On moving charge
BOTH
Ampere's Law
∮B · dl = μ₀I
Magnetic field due to current
JEE
Faraday's Law
ε = -dΦ/dt
Induced EMF
BOTH
Self Inductance
ε = -L di/dt
For a coil
BOTH
Magnetic Field (Solenoid)
B = μ₀nI
Inside a long solenoid
BOTH

Modern Physics

Photon Energy
E = hf = hc/λ
h is Planck's constant
BOTH
De Broglie Wavelength
λ = h/p
For matter waves
BOTH
Mass-Energy Equivalence
E = mc²
Einstein's equation
BOTH
Photoelectric Effect
K_max = hf - φ
φ is work function
BOTH
Radioactive Decay
N = N₀e^(-λt)
Exponential decay law
BOTH
Half-Life
T_½ = ln(2)/λ
Time for half of atoms to decay
BOTH

Thermodynamics

First Law
ΔU = Q - W
Conservation of energy
BOTH
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
n is number of moles
BOTH
Efficiency (Heat Engine)
η = 1 - Q_c/Q_h
Carnot efficiency
BOTH
Entropy Change
ΔS = ∫dQ/T
For reversible process
JEE
Heat Transfer
Q = mcΔT
Specific heat capacity
NEET

Optics

Lens Formula
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
For thin lenses
BOTH
Magnification
m = v/u = h_i/h_o
For lenses and mirrors
BOTH
Snell's Law
n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂
Refraction at interface
BOTH
Critical Angle
θ_c = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁)
For total internal reflection
BOTH
Lensmaker's Formula
1/f = (n-1)(1/R₁ - 1/R₂)
For thin lens
JEE

Fluid Mechanics

Pressure in Fluid
P = P₀ + ρgh
Hydrostatic pressure
BOTH
Buoyant Force
F_b = ρVg
Archimedes' principle
BOTH
Continuity Equation
A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
For incompressible flow
BOTH
Bernoulli's Equation
P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant
For ideal fluid flow
BOTH
Surface Tension
F = T × L
T is surface tension
NEET

Semiconductors

Intrinsic Carrier Concentration
n_i² = nₑnₕ
For pure semiconductor
BOTH
PN Junction Current
I = I₀(e^(V/ηV_T) - 1)
Diode equation
BOTH
Transistor Current Gain
β = I_C / I_B
For common emitter
BOTH
Logic Gates
Y = A · B (AND)
Boolean expressions
BOTH

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